Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It is most commonly defined as the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, with Finland and Iceland sometimes included as well.
In linguistics and cultural studies, the definition of Scandinavia is expanded to include the areas where Old Norse was spoken and where the North Germanic languages are now dominant. As a linguistic and cultural concept, Scandinavia thus also includes Iceland and the Faroe Islands.[1]
As a cultural and historical concept, Scandinavia can include Finland as well (of the larger region Fenno-Scandinavia), often with reference to the nation's long history as a part of Sweden. However, in strict geographical terms only the north-western part of Finland lies on the Scandinavian peninsula. Finland is culturally closely related to the other Scandinavian countries, though the Finnish language -- of the Finno-Ugric family of languages -- is distinct from the other countries' languages. [2]
Since the short-lived movements of the Fennomans in the 1830s and Scandinavism in 1850s, the inclusion of Finland and Iceland has divided opinions in the respective states.[3] Although it depends on context which countries are considered Scandinavian, the term the Nordic countries is used unambiguously for Norway, Sweden, Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Åland) and Iceland.
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