The use of the poppy was inspired by the World War I poem "
In Flanders Fields". Its opening lines refer to the many poppies that were the first flowers to grow in the churned-up earth of soldiers' graves in
Flanders, a region of Europe that overlies a part of
Belgium.
[SIZE=2][[/SIZE][SIZE=2]3[/SIZE][SIZE=2]][/SIZE] The poem was written by
Canadian physician and
Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae on 3 May 1915 after witnessing the death of his friend, a fellow soldier, the day before. The poem was first published on 8 December 1915 in the
London-based magazine
Punch.
In 1918,
Moina Michael, who had taken leave from her professorship at the
University of Georgia to be a volunteer worker for the
American YWCA, was inspired by the poem and published a poem of her own called "
We Shall Keep the Faith".
[SIZE=2][[/SIZE][SIZE=2]4[/SIZE][SIZE=2]][/SIZE] In tribute to McCrae's poem, she vowed to always wear a red rememberance poppy as a symbol of remembrance for those who fought and helped in the war.
[SIZE=2][[/SIZE][SIZE=2]3[/SIZE][SIZE=2]][/SIZE] At a November 1918 YWCA Overseas War Secretaries' conference, she appeared with a silk poppy pinned to her coat and distributed 25 more to those attending. She then campaigned to have the poppy adopted as a national symbol of remembrance. At a conference in 1920, the National American Legion adopted it as their official symbol of remembrance.
[SIZE=2][[/SIZE][SIZE=2]3[/SIZE][SIZE=2]][/SIZE] At this conference, French-woman Anna E. Guérin was inspired to introduce the artificial poppies commonly used today. In 1921 she sent her poppy sellers to London, where they were adopted by
Field Marshal Douglas Haig, a founder of the
Royal British Legion. It was also adopted by veterans' groups in
Canada,
Australia and
New Zealand.
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